How does ATP yield from glucose oxidation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, considering cytosolic NADH shuttles?

How does ATP yield from glucose oxidation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, considering cytosolic NADH shuttles?

• A. In prokaryotes, glycolysis-generated NADH can feed the ETC directly, with variable ATP yield; in eukaryotes, cytosolic NADH must be shuttled; malate–aspartate shuttle yields about 2.5 ATP per NADH, glycerol-3-phosphate yields about 1.5 ATP per NADH; total roughly 30–32 ATP depending on shuttle.
• B. In prokaryotes, glycolysis-generated NADH must be oxidized by mitochondria; in eukaryotes, NADH feeds ETC directly; both yield exactly 30 ATP.
• C. There is no difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in ATP yield from glucose oxidation.
• D. Eukaryotes have higher ATP yield than prokaryotes due to uncoupling proteins.

Answer: (A)